SEQ2FUN

BioLiP
Download all results in tab-seperated text for 942758 receptor-ligand interactions, whose format is explained at readme.txt.
  • Hover over PDB to view the title of the structure. Click PDB to view the structure at the RCSB PDB database. Resolution -1.00 means the resolution is unavailable, e.g., for NMR structures.
  • Click Site # to view the binding site structure. Hover over Site # to view the binding residues.
  • Hover over Ligand to view the full ligand name. Click Ligand to view the 2D diagram and other detail information of the ligand.
  • Hover over EC number to view the full name of enzymatic activity.
  • Hover over GO terms to view all GO terms.
  • Hover over UniProt to view the protein name.
  • Sort results by
    << < 2379 2380 2381 2382 2383 2384 2385 2386 2387 2388 2389 2390 2391 2392 2393 2394 2395 2396 2397 2398 2399 > >>
    Go to page

    # PDB
    (Resolution Å)
    Site # Ligand EC number GO terms UniProt PubMed Binding
    affinity
    477601 6hmu:A (1.2) BS01 peptide ? GO:0000122 ... P31947 30707565
    477602 6hmu:A (1.2) BS02 GE8 ? GO:0000122 ... P31947 30707565
    477603 6hmw:A (1.95) BS01 FUL ? GO:0005515 ... P01556 31439922
    477604 6hmw:B (1.95) BS01 FUL ? GO:0005515 ... P01556 31439922
    477605 6hmw:B (1.95) BS02 FUL ? GO:0005515 ... P01556 31439922
    477606 6hmw:C (1.95) BS01 FUL ? GO:0005515 ... P01556 31439922
    477607 6hmw:C (1.95) BS02 FUL ? GO:0005515 ... P01556 31439922
    477608 6hmw:D (1.95) BS01 FUL ? GO:0005515 ... P01556 31439922
    477609 6hmw:D (1.95) BS02 FUL ? GO:0005515 ... P01556 31439922
    477610 6hmw:E (1.95) BS01 FUL ? GO:0005515 ... P01556 31439922
    477611 6hmw:E (1.95) BS02 FUL ? GO:0005515 ... P01556 31439922
    477612 6hmw:F (1.95) BS01 FUL ? GO:0005515 ... P01556 31439922
    477613 6hmw:F (1.95) BS02 FUL ? GO:0005515 ... P01556 31439922
    477614 6hmw:G (1.95) BS01 FUL ? GO:0005515 ... P01556 31439922
    477615 6hmw:G (1.95) BS02 FUL ? GO:0005515 ... P01556 31439922
    477616 6hmw:H (1.95) BS01 FUL ? GO:0005515 ... P01556 31439922
    477617 6hmw:I (1.95) BS01 FUL ? GO:0005515 ... P01556 31439922
    477618 6hmw:J (1.95) BS01 FUL ? GO:0005515 ... P01556 31439922
    477619 6hmx:A (2.53) BS01 GEZ 2.7.10.2
    2.7.11.1
    GO:0004672 ... O43353 30344914
    477620 6hmx:B (2.53) BS01 GEZ 2.7.10.2
    2.7.11.1
    GO:0004672 ... O43353 30344914
    477621 6hmy:A (1.6) BS01 GAL ? GO:0005515 ... P01556 31439922
    477622 6hmy:A (1.6) BS02 SIA ? GO:0005515 ... P01556 31439922
    477623 6hmy:B (1.6) BS01 SIA ? GO:0005515 ... P01556 31439922
    477624 6hmy:B (1.6) BS02 GAL ? GO:0005515 ... P01556 31439922
    477625 6hmy:B (1.6) BS03 SIA ? GO:0005515 ... P01556 31439922
    477626 6hmy:C (1.6) BS01 GAL ? GO:0005515 ... P01556 31439922
    477627 6hmy:C (1.6) BS02 SIA ? GO:0005515 ... P01556 31439922
    477628 6hmy:D (1.6) BS01 GAL ? GO:0005515 ... P01556 31439922
    477629 6hmy:D (1.6) BS02 SIA ? GO:0005515 ... P01556 31439922
    477630 6hmy:E (1.6) BS01 GAL ? GO:0005515 ... P01556 31439922
    477631 6hmy:E (1.6) BS02 SIA ? GO:0005515 ... P01556 31439922
    477632 6hmy:F (1.6) BS01 GAL ? GO:0005515 ... P01556 31439922
    477633 6hmy:F (1.6) BS02 SIA ? GO:0005515 ... P01556 31439922
    477634 6hmy:F (1.6) BS03 FUC ? GO:0005515 ... P01556 31439922
    477635 6hmy:G (1.6) BS01 GAL ? GO:0005515 ... P01556 31439922
    477636 6hmy:G (1.6) BS02 SIA ? GO:0005515 ... P01556 31439922
    477637 6hmy:H (1.6) BS01 GAL ? GO:0005515 ... P01556 31439922
    477638 6hmy:H (1.6) BS02 SIA ? GO:0005515 ... P01556 31439922
    477639 6hmy:I (1.6) BS01 GAL ? GO:0005515 ... P01556 31439922
    477640 6hmy:I (1.6) BS02 FUC ? GO:0005515 ... P01556 31439922
    477641 6hmy:I (1.6) BS03 SIA ? GO:0005515 ... P01556 31439922
    477642 6hmy:J (1.6) BS01 SIA ? GO:0005515 ... P01556 31439922
    477643 6hmy:J (1.6) BS02 GAL ? GO:0005515 ... P01556 31439922
    477644 6hmy:J (1.6) BS03 FUC ? GO:0005515 ... P01556 31439922
    477645 6hmy:J (1.6) BS04 SIA ? GO:0005515 ... P01556 31439922
    477646 6hmy:J (1.6) BS05 FUC ? GO:0005515 ... P01556 31439922
    477647 6hmz:X (1.98) BS01 peptide 5.2.1.8 GO:0000413 ... A0A078GRH6 31249367
    477648 6hmz:X (1.98) BS02 MG 5.2.1.8 GO:0000413 ... A0A078GRH6 31249367
    477649 6hn0:A (2.12) BS01 DIF ? GO:0005576 ... P14639 36675044
    477650 6hn0:A (2.12) BS02 DIF ? GO:0005576 ... P14639 36675044
    477651 6hn0:A (2.12) BS03 DIF ? GO:0005576 ... P14639 36675044
    477652 6hn0:A (2.12) BS04 DIF ? GO:0005576 ... P14639 36675044
    477653 6hn0:A (2.12) BS05 DIF ? GO:0005576 ... P14639 36675044
    477654 6hn0:A (2.12) BS06 DIF ? GO:0005576 ... P14639 36675044
    477655 6hn1:A (1.55) BS01 DIF ? GO:0005576 ... A0A452F7K4 36675044
    477656 6hn1:A (1.55) BS02 DIF ? GO:0005576 ... A0A452F7K4 36675044
    477657 6hn1:A (1.55) BS03 DIF ? GO:0005576 ... A0A452F7K4 36675044
    477658 6hn1:A (1.55) BS04 DIF ? GO:0005576 ... A0A452F7K4 36675044
    477659 6hn1:A (1.55) BS05 DIF ? GO:0005576 ... A0A452F7K4 36675044
    477660 6hn1:A (1.55) BS06 DIF ? GO:0005576 ... A0A452F7K4 36675044
    477661 6hn2:A (1.7) BS01 peptide ? GO:0000122 ... P31947 30707565
    477662 6hn2:A (1.7) BS02 GF8 ? GO:0000122 ... P31947 30707565
    477663 6hn5:E (3.2) BS01 peptide 2.7.10.1 GO:0003700 ... P03069
    P06213
    30356040
    477664 6hn5:F (3.2) BS01 peptide 2.7.10.1 GO:0003700 ... P03069
    P06213
    30356040
    477665 6hn5:F (3.2) BS02 peptide 2.7.10.1 GO:0003700 ... P03069
    P06213
    30356040
    477666 6hn6:A (2.71) BS01 CPS ? GO:0003677 ... P19793 30713160
    477667 6hn6:A (2.71) BS02 CPS ? GO:0003677 ... P19793 30713160
    477668 6hn6:A (2.71) BS03 CPS ? GO:0003677 ... P19793 30713160
    477669 6hn8:A (1.997) BS01 HEM 1.14.14.1
    1.6.2.4
    GO:0004497 ... P14779 N/A
    477670 6hn8:A (1.997) BS02 TDZ 1.14.14.1
    1.6.2.4
    GO:0004497 ... P14779 N/A
    477671 6hn8:B (1.997) BS01 HEM 1.14.14.1
    1.6.2.4
    GO:0004497 ... P14779 N/A
    477672 6hn8:B (1.997) BS02 TDZ 1.14.14.1
    1.6.2.4
    GO:0004497 ... P14779 N/A
    477673 6hnc:A (1.5) BS01 NAP ? GO:0000166 ... O76290 31012301
    477674 6hnc:A (1.5) BS02 1CY ? GO:0000166 ... O76290 31012301 MOAD: ic50=31.6uM
    477675 6hnc:B (1.5) BS01 NAP ? GO:0000166 ... O76290 31012301
    477676 6hnc:B (1.5) BS02 1CY ? GO:0000166 ... O76290 31012301 MOAD: ic50=31.6uM
    477677 6hnc:C (1.5) BS01 NAP ? GO:0000166 ... O76290 31012301
    477678 6hnc:D (1.5) BS01 NAP ? GO:0000166 ... O76290 31012301
    477679 6hnc:D (1.5) BS02 1CY ? GO:0000166 ... O76290 31012301 MOAD: ic50=31.6uM
    477680 6hnd:A (2.23) BS01 PLP ? GO:0000949 ... A0A1D8PMC5 30742897
    477681 6hnd:B (2.23) BS01 PLP ? GO:0000949 ... A0A1D8PMC5 30742897
    477682 6hni:A (1.35) BS01 TYR ? N/A Q18A65 31420448 MOAD: Kd=94uM
    477683 6hno:A (1.68) BS01 NAD 1.1.1.62 GO:0004303 ... Q9BPX1 30836176
    477684 6hnq:A (2.4) BS01 FQ8 2.4.1.- GO:0016757 ... A0A0H3JNB0 30464342
    477685 6hnq:B (2.4) BS01 FQ8 2.4.1.- GO:0016757 ... A0A0H3JNB0 30464342
    477686 6hnq:C (2.4) BS01 FQ8 2.4.1.- GO:0016757 ... A0A0H3JNB0 30464342
    477687 6hnq:D (2.4) BS01 FQ8 2.4.1.- GO:0016757 ... A0A0H3JNB0 30464342
    477688 6hnq:E (2.4) BS01 FQ8 2.4.1.- GO:0016757 ... A0A0H3JNB0 30464342
    477689 6hnq:F (2.4) BS01 FQ8 2.4.1.- GO:0016757 ... A0A0H3JNB0 30464342
    477690 6hnq:G (2.4) BS01 FQ8 2.4.1.- GO:0016757 ... A0A0H3JNB0 30464342
    477691 6hnq:H (2.4) BS01 FQ8 2.4.1.- GO:0016757 ... A0A0H3JNB0 30464342
    477692 6hnq:I (2.4) BS01 FQ8 2.4.1.- GO:0016757 ... A0A0H3JNB0 30464342
    477693 6hnq:O (2.4) BS01 FQ8 2.4.1.- GO:0016757 ... A0A0H3JNB0 30464342
    477694 6hnq:P (2.4) BS01 FQ8 2.4.1.- GO:0016757 ... A0A0H3JNB0 30464342
    477695 6hnq:Q (2.4) BS01 FQ8 2.4.1.- GO:0016757 ... A0A0H3JNB0 30464342
    477696 6hnr:A (1.58) BS01 NAP ? GO:0000166 ... O76290 31012301
    477697 6hnr:A (1.58) BS02 GFE ? GO:0000166 ... O76290 31012301 MOAD: ic50=0.692uM
    477698 6hnr:B (1.58) BS01 NAP ? GO:0000166 ... O76290 31012301
    477699 6hnr:B (1.58) BS02 GFE ? GO:0000166 ... O76290 31012301 MOAD: ic50=0.692uM
    477700 6hnr:C (1.58) BS01 NAP ? GO:0000166 ... O76290 31012301
    477701 6hnr:C (1.58) BS02 GFE ? GO:0000166 ... O76290 31012301 MOAD: ic50=0.692uM
    477702 6hnr:D (1.58) BS01 NAP ? GO:0000166 ... O76290 31012301
    477703 6hnr:D (1.58) BS02 GFE ? GO:0000166 ... O76290 31012301 MOAD: ic50=0.692uM
    477704 6hns:A (1.84) BS01 FAD 1.14.13.148 GO:0000166 ... A0A063Y6V3 30607493
    477705 6hns:A (1.84) BS02 NAP 1.14.13.148 GO:0000166 ... A0A063Y6V3 30607493
    477706 6hns:B (1.84) BS01 FAD 1.14.13.148 GO:0000166 ... A0A063Y6V3 30607493
    477707 6hns:B (1.84) BS02 NAP 1.14.13.148 GO:0000166 ... A0A063Y6V3 30607493
    477708 6hnu:A (1.8) BS01 PLP ? GO:0006571 ... C4YJ02 30742897
    477709 6hnu:A (1.8) BS02 PHE ? GO:0006571 ... C4YJ02 30742897
    477710 6hnu:B (1.8) BS01 PLP ? GO:0006571 ... C4YJ02 30742897
    477711 6hnu:B (1.8) BS02 PHE ? GO:0006571 ... C4YJ02 30742897
    477712 6hnv:A (2.6) BS01 PLP ? GO:0000949 ... A0A1D8PMC5 30742897
    477713 6hnv:A (2.6) BS02 PPY ? GO:0000949 ... A0A1D8PMC5 30742897
    477714 6hnv:B (2.6) BS01 PLP ? GO:0000949 ... A0A1D8PMC5 30742897
    477715 6hnv:B (2.6) BS02 UN1 ? GO:0000949 ... A0A1D8PMC5 30742897
    477716 6hnv:B (2.6) BS03 OOG ? GO:0000949 ... A0A1D8PMC5 30742897
    477717 6hnw:A (2.0) BS01 CUE 2.7.11.1 GO:0004672 ... P68400 30840451 MOAD: ic50=200nM
    BindingDB: Ki=7670nM
    477718 6hnx:A (1.7) BS01 GFZ ? GO:0000976 ... P9WMC1 30553830
    477719 6hny:A (1.65) BS01 GHT 2.7.11.1 GO:0004672 ... P68400 30840451
    477720 6hnz:A (1.7) BS01 GH5 ? GO:0000976 ... P9WMC1 30553830 BindingDB: IC50=9100nM, EC50=500nM
    477721 6ho0:A (1.9) BS01 GFK ? GO:0000976 ... P9WMC1 30553830 BindingDB: EC50=200nM, IC50=1000nM
    477722 6ho1:A (2.0) BS01 GFW ? GO:0000976 ... P9WMC1 30553830
    477723 6ho2:A (1.9) BS01 GHN ? GO:0000976 ... P9WMC1 30553830
    477724 6ho3:A (2.4) BS01 GJ2 ? GO:0000976 ... P9WMC1 30553830
    477725 6ho4:A (1.6) BS01 GFQ ? GO:0000976 ... P9WMC1 30553830
    477726 6ho5:A (2.3) BS01 GH8 ? GO:0000976 ... P9WMC1 30553830
    477727 6ho6:A (1.9) BS01 GGK ? GO:0000976 ... P9WMC1 30553830
    477728 6ho7:A (2.5) BS01 GHQ ? GO:0000976 ... P9WMC1 30553830
    477729 6ho8:A (1.98) BS01 GG8 ? GO:0000976 ... P9WMC1 30553830
    477730 6ho9:A (1.8) BS01 GHB ? GO:0000976 ... P9WMC1 30553830
    477731 6hoa:A (1.5) BS01 GGN ? GO:0000976 ... P9WMC1 30553830
    477732 6hob:A (1.8) BS01 GJ5 ? GO:0000976 ... P9WMC1 30553830
    477733 6hoc:A (2.5) BS01 GJE ? GO:0000976 ... P9WMC1 30553830
    477734 6hod:A (1.7) BS01 GHK ? GO:0000976 ... P9WMC1 30553830
    477735 6hoe:A (1.9) BS01 GH2 ? GO:0000976 ... P9WMC1 30553830
    477736 6hof:A (1.8) BS01 GJ8 ? GO:0000976 ... P9WMC1 30553830
    477737 6hoi:A (1.14) BS01 peptide ? GO:0000045 ... Q9H0R8 30767700
    477738 6hoi:B (1.14) BS01 peptide ? GO:0000045 ... Q9H0R8 30767700
    477739 6hol:A (1.4) BS01 peptide ? GO:0000045 ... Q9H0R8 30767700
    477740 6hol:B (1.4) BS01 peptide ? GO:0000045 ... Q9H0R8 30767700
    477741 6hom:A (2.1) BS01 peptide ? GO:0006402 ... Q92600 30692204
    477742 6hom:C (2.1) BS01 peptide ? GO:0006402 ... Q92600 30692204
    477743 6hon:A (2.2) BS01 peptide ? GO:0006402 ... Q92600 30692204
    477744 6hon:C (2.2) BS01 peptide ? GO:0006402 ... Q92600 30692204
    477745 6hop:A (1.55) BS01 FER 2.7.11.1 GO:0004672 ... P68400 31661600
    477746 6hop:A (1.55) BS02 V55 2.7.11.1 GO:0004672 ... P68400 31661600
    477747 6hop:A (1.55) BS03 GJK 2.7.11.1 GO:0004672 ... P68400 31661600
    477748 6hop:A (1.55) BS04 CIY 2.7.11.1 GO:0004672 ... P68400 31661600
    477749 6hoq:A (1.55) BS01 FER 2.7.11.1 GO:0004672 ... P68400 31661600
    477750 6hor:A (1.8) BS01 GJK 2.7.11.1 GO:0004672 ... P68400 31661600
    477751 6hos:A (2.15) BS01 peptide ? N/A A0A1B2JGH2 30425696
    477752 6hos:A (2.15) BS02 CA ? N/A A0A1B2JGH2 30425696
    477753 6hos:A (2.15) BS03 MG ? N/A A0A1B2JGH2 30425696
    477754 6hos:B (2.15) BS01 peptide ? N/A A0A1B2JGH2 30425696
    477755 6hos:B (2.15) BS02 CA ? N/A A0A1B2JGH2 30425696
    477756 6hot:A (1.5) BS01 CIY 2.7.11.1 GO:0004672 ... P68400 31661600
    477757 6hou:A (1.8) BS01 V55 2.7.11.1 GO:0004672 ... P68400 31661600
    477758 6hov:A (1.85) BS01 FER ? N/A O60885 31661600
    477759 6how:A (1.92) BS01 NAP ? GO:0000166 ... O76290 31012301
    477760 6how:A (1.92) BS02 GJQ ? GO:0000166 ... O76290 31012301 MOAD: ic50=0.186uM
    477761 6how:B (1.92) BS01 NAP ? GO:0000166 ... O76290 31012301
    477762 6how:B (1.92) BS02 GJQ ? GO:0000166 ... O76290 31012301 MOAD: ic50=0.186uM
    477763 6how:C (1.92) BS01 NAP ? GO:0000166 ... O76290 31012301
    477764 6how:D (1.92) BS01 NAP ? GO:0000166 ... O76290 31012301
    477765 6how:D (1.92) BS02 GJQ ? GO:0000166 ... O76290 31012301 MOAD: ic50=0.186uM
    477766 6hoy:A (1.7) BS01 AR6 2.3.1.-
    2.3.1.286
    2.4.2.-
    GO:0070403 ... Q8N6T7 30395713
    477767 6hoy:A (1.7) BS02 ZN 2.3.1.-
    2.3.1.286
    2.4.2.-
    GO:0070403 ... Q8N6T7 30395713
    477768 6hoy:A (1.7) BS03 TSN 2.3.1.-
    2.3.1.286
    2.4.2.-
    GO:0070403 ... Q8N6T7 30395713 MOAD: Kd=33uM
    BindingDB: Kd=33000nM, Ki=2000nM
    477769 6hoy:B (1.7) BS01 AR6 2.3.1.-
    2.3.1.286
    2.4.2.-
    GO:0070403 ... Q8N6T7 30395713
    477770 6hoy:B (1.7) BS02 ZN 2.3.1.-
    2.3.1.286
    2.4.2.-
    GO:0070403 ... Q8N6T7 30395713
    477771 6hoy:B (1.7) BS03 TSN 2.3.1.-
    2.3.1.286
    2.4.2.-
    GO:0070403 ... Q8N6T7 30395713 MOAD: Kd=33uM
    BindingDB: Kd=33000nM, Ki=2000nM
    477772 6hoz:A (1.77) BS01 MG 3.2.1.143
    3.2.2.-
    3.5.1.-
    GO:0000287 ... H3BCW1 30472116
    477773 6hoz:A (1.77) BS02 MG 3.2.1.143
    3.2.2.-
    3.5.1.-
    GO:0000287 ... H3BCW1 30472116
    477774 6hoz:A (1.77) BS03 R5I 3.2.1.143
    3.2.2.-
    3.5.1.-
    GO:0000287 ... H3BCW1 30472116
    477775 6hoz:A (1.77) BS04 R7I 3.2.1.143
    3.2.2.-
    3.5.1.-
    GO:0000287 ... H3BCW1 30472116
    477776 6hoz:B (1.77) BS01 MG 3.2.1.143
    3.2.2.-
    3.5.1.-
    GO:0000287 ... H3BCW1 30472116
    477777 6hoz:B (1.77) BS02 MG 3.2.1.143
    3.2.2.-
    3.5.1.-
    GO:0000287 ... H3BCW1 30472116
    477778 6hoz:B (1.77) BS03 R5I 3.2.1.143
    3.2.2.-
    3.5.1.-
    GO:0000287 ... H3BCW1 30472116
    477779 6hoz:B (1.77) BS04 R7I 3.2.1.143
    3.2.2.-
    3.5.1.-
    GO:0000287 ... H3BCW1 30472116
    477780 6hp0:A (1.88) BS01 CA 3.2.1.18 GO:0004308 ... C6KP13 31128993
    477781 6hp0:A (1.88) BS02 CA 3.2.1.18 GO:0004308 ... C6KP13 31128993
    477782 6hp0:A (1.88) BS03 GJT 3.2.1.18 GO:0004308 ... C6KP13 31128993 MOAD: Ki=470nM
    477783 6hp0:B (1.88) BS01 CA 3.2.1.18 GO:0004308 ... C6KP13 31128993
    477784 6hp0:B (1.88) BS02 CA 3.2.1.18 GO:0004308 ... C6KP13 31128993
    477785 6hp0:B (1.88) BS03 GJT 3.2.1.18 GO:0004308 ... C6KP13 31128993 MOAD: Ki=470nM
    477786 6hp0:C (1.88) BS01 FUC 3.2.1.18 GO:0004308 ... C6KP13 31128993
    477787 6hp0:C (1.88) BS02 CA 3.2.1.18 GO:0004308 ... C6KP13 31128993
    477788 6hp0:C (1.88) BS03 CA 3.2.1.18 GO:0004308 ... C6KP13 31128993
    477789 6hp0:C (1.88) BS04 GJT 3.2.1.18 GO:0004308 ... C6KP13 31128993 MOAD: Ki=470nM
    477790 6hp0:D (1.88) BS01 CA 3.2.1.18 GO:0004308 ... C6KP13 31128993
    477791 6hp0:D (1.88) BS02 CA 3.2.1.18 GO:0004308 ... C6KP13 31128993
    477792 6hp0:D (1.88) BS03 GJT 3.2.1.18 GO:0004308 ... C6KP13 31128993 MOAD: Ki=470nM
    477793 6hp2:A (1.9) BS01 SAH ? N/A C0ZGQ3 N/A
    477794 6hp5:A (2.28) BS01 peptide ? N/A O31927 30745087
    477795 6hp5:B (2.28) BS01 peptide ? N/A O31927 30745087
    477796 6hp7:A (2.2) BS01 dna ? N/A O31927 30745087
    477797 6hp7:A (2.2) BS02 dna ? N/A O31927 30745087
    477798 6hp7:B (2.2) BS01 dna ? N/A O31927 30745087
    477799 6hp7:B (2.2) BS02 dna ? N/A O31927 30745087
    477800 6hp8:A (2.5) BS01 GK2 3.4.14.5 GO:0004177 ... Q6V1X1 N/A

    Reference:
  • Chengxin Zhang, Xi Zhang, Lydia Freddolino, and Yang Zhang. BioLiP2: an updated structure database for biologically relevent ligand-protein interactions, Nucleic Acids Research, gkad630 (2023).
  • Jianyi Yang, Ambrish Roy, and Yang Zhang. BioLiP: a semi-manually curated database for biologically relevant ligand-protein interactions, Nucleic Acids Research, 41: D1096-D1103 (2013) (download the PDF file).