D-I-TASSER P06744-D1

D-I-TASSER results for P06744-D1

[Click result.zip to download all results on this page]

Input Sequence in FASTA format

>P06744 (366 residues)
MAALTRDPQFQKLQQWYREHRSELNLRRLFDANKDRFNHFSLTLNTNHGHILVDYSKNLV
TEDVMRMLVDLAKSRGVEAARERMFNGEKINYTEGRAFDNFEQLLSGAHWMDQHFRTTPL
EKNAPVLLALLGIWYINCFGCETHAMLPYDQYLHRFAAYFQQGDMESNGKYITKSGTRVD
HQTGPIVWGEPGTNGQHAFYQLIHQGTKMIPCDFLIPVQTQHPIRKGLHHKILLANFLAQ
TEALMRGKSTEEARKELQAAGKSPEDLERLLPHKVFEGNRPTNSIVFTKLTPFMLGALVA
MYEHKIFVQGIIWDINSFDQWGVELGKQLAKKIEPELDGSAQVTSHDASTNGLINFIKQQ
REARVQ

Predicted Secondary Structure

Sequence	20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| MAALTRDPQFQKLQQWYREHRSELNLRRLFDANKDRFNHFSLTLNTNHGHILVDYSKNLVTEDVMRMLVDLAKSRGVEAARERMFNGEKINYTEGRAFDNFEQLLSGAHWMDQHFRTTPLEKNAPVLLALLGIWYINCFGCETHAMLPYDQYLHRFAAYFQQGDMESNGKYITKSGTRVDHQTGPIVWGEPGTNGQHAFYQLIHQGTKMIPCDFLIPVQTQHPIRKGLHHKILLANFLAQTEALMRGKSTEEARKELQAAGKSPEDLERLLPHKVFEGNRPTNSIVFTKLTPFMLGALVAMYEHKIFVQGIIWDINSFDQWGVELGKQLAKKIEPELDGSAQVTSHDASTNGLINFIKQQREARVQ
Prediction	CCCCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCHHHHHHHCHHHHHHHHSSCCCCCCCSSSSSCCCCCCHHHHHHCHHHHHHHCCHHHHHHHHCCCCHHHHHHHCHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHCCHHHCHHHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCSSSSSCCCHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCCCCCSSCCCCCCSSSSCCCCCCHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCCSSSSSSCCCCCCCCCCCCHHHHHHCHHHHHHHHHCCCCHHHHHHHHHHCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCCSSSSSSSCCCHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHCCC
Confidence	998646899999999999971477699999867526654220001357865787221215486787710477762643455443134424567885269999999999999999972983218999999999999962799716885353779999999999876504863257995613787235861589962238899986188864167998636788888741001112114678999971998999999998717887889864322116899971799960499889999999999999987664188887785369999999999998527888777883899999999999753139
	H:Helix; S:Strand; C:Coil

Predicted Solvent Accessibility

Sequence	20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| MAALTRDPQFQKLQQWYREHRSELNLRRLFDANKDRFNHFSLTLNTNHGHILVDYSKNLVTEDVMRMLVDLAKSRGVEAARERMFNGEKINYTEGRAFDNFEQLLSGAHWMDQHFRTTPLEKNAPVLLALLGIWYINCFGCETHAMLPYDQYLHRFAAYFQQGDMESNGKYITKSGTRVDHQTGPIVWGEPGTNGQHAFYQLIHQGTKMIPCDFLIPVQTQHPIRKGLHHKILLANFLAQTEALMRGKSTEEARKELQAAGKSPEDLERLLPHKVFEGNRPTNSIVFTKLTPFMLGALVAMYEHKIFVQGIIWDINSFDQWGVELGKQLAKKIEPELDGSAQVTSHDASTNGLINFIKQQREARVQ
Prediction	865355460452045005634761403400460471034202413363230202121120246026302520422504422311110331000001012103200400320031035243440000000000000233240402000011310320030010010002024233444405252010000141142102101102513410001001033354505454425222332011120003123252035314645244531441132232544100000104402031000000110110000010000000001001101300440053055675275222004100520363264558
	Values range from 0 (buried residue) to 8 (highly exposed residue)

Predicted Contact, Hydrogen and Distance Map Used in D-I-TASSER simulation

Contact Map

Distance Map

Hydrogen bond networks

D-I-TASSER simulation is guided by the consensus contact map (left figure), distance map (middle figure) and Hydrogen bond network (right figure) derived based on confidence scores of DeepPotential. In the contact, distance map and hydrogen bond networks, the axes mark the residue index along the sequence. For the contact map, each dot represents a residue pair with predicted contact, while for the distance map and hydrogen bond network, a color scale represents a distance of 1-20+ angstroms or a angle of 0-180 degree.

Top 10 threading templates used by D-I-TASSER

Rank

PDB
hit

ID1

ID2

Cov

Norm.
Zscore

Download
alignment

                  20                  40                  60                  80                 100                 120                 140                 160                 180                 200                 220                 240                 260                 280                 300                 320                 340                 360

                   |                   |                   |                   |                   |                   |                   |                   |                   |                   |                   |                   |                   |                   |                   |                   |                   |                   |

SS
Seq

CCCCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCHHHHHHHCHHHHHHHHSSCCCCCCCSSSSSCCCCCCHHHHHHCHHHHHHHCCHHHHHHHHCCCCHHHHHHHCHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHCCHHHCHHHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCSSSSSCCCHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCCCCCSSCCCCCCSSSSCCCCCCHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCCSSSSSSCCCCCCCCCCCCHHHHHHCHHHHHHHHHCCCCHHHHHHHHHHCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCCSSSSSSSCCCHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHCCC
MAALTRDPQFQKLQQWYREHRSELNLRRLFDANKDRFNHFSLTLNTNHGHILVDYSKNLVTEDVMRMLVDLAKSRGVEAARERMFNGEKINYTEGRAFDNFEQLLSGAHWMDQHFRTTPLEKNAPVLLALLGIWYINCFGCETHAMLPYDQYLHRFAAYFQQGDMESNGKYITKSGTRVDHQTGPIVWGEPGTNGQHAFYQLIHQGTKMIPCDFLIPVQTQHPIRKGLHHKILLANFLAQTEALMRGKSTEEARKELQAAGKSPEDLERLLPHKVFEGNRPTNSIVFTKLTPFMLGALVAMYEHKIFVQGIIWDINSFDQWGVELGKQLAKKIEPELDGSAQVTSHDASTNGLINFIKQQREARVQ

1gzdA1

0.87

0.74

20.85

1.17

DEthreader

-AALTQNPQFKKLQTWYHEHRSDLNLRRLFEGDKDRFNHFSLNLNTNHGRILLDYSKNLVTEAVMQMLVDLAKSRGVEAARERMFNGAVLVGGSLIGIANFEQLLSGAHWMDQHFRTTPLEKNAPVLLALLGIWYINFFGCETHAMLPYDQYLHRFAAYFQQGDMESNGKYITKSGTRVDHQTGPIVWGEPGTNGQHAFYQLIHQGTKMIPCDFLIPVQTQHPIRKGLHHKILLANFLAQTEALMKGKSTEEARKELQAAKDFEKLLP-HK--VF-EGNRPTNSIVFTKLTPFILGALIAMYEHKIFVQGVIWDINSF------------------------------------------------

3hjbA3

0.57

0.49

14.06

2.74

SPARKS-K

NINPTQTQAWKALTAHFESAQD-MDLKALFAQDSERFAKYSARFG---QDILVDYSKNLVNAETMQHLFALAKETDLQSAITAMFKGEAINQTEDRAYDNFVELLAGAHEMDQHFVNTPFESNIPVILALIGIWYNNFHGAESEAILPYDQYLHRFAAYFQQGNMESNGKYVDRNGNPVTYQTGPIIWGEPGTNGQHAFYQLIHQGTKLIPCDFIAPAVSHN--LVGDHHQKLMSNFFAQTEALAFGKSAQAVQAELEKAGKSAAEIAALVPFKVFEGNRPTNSILVKQITPRTLGNLIAMYEHKIFVQGVIWNIFSFD-----------------------------------------------

2o2dB

0.51

0.50

14.40

1.50

MapAlign

-ADLTSCASWTQLQKLYEQY-GDEPIKKHFETDSERGQRYSVKVSLGENFLFLDYSKSHINDEIKCALLRLAEERGIRQFVQSVFRGERVPIMISIGYENFVELLTGAHVIDEHFANAPPEQNVPLLLALVGVWYINFFGAVTHAILPYDQYLWRLPAYLQQLDMESNGKYVTRSGKTVSTLTGPIIFGEAGTNGQHAFYQLIHQGTNLIPCDFIGAIQSQ--NKIGDHHKIFMSNFFAQTEALMIGKSPSEVRRELEAAGESAEKINALLPHKTFIGGRPSNTLLIKSLTPRALGAIIAMYEHKVLVQGAIWGIDSYDQWGVELGKVLAKSILPQLRPGMRVNNHDSSTNGLINMFNELS-----

2o2dB

0.52

0.51

14.70

1.02

CEthreader

DTTLTSCASWTQLQKLYEQY-GDEPIKKHFETDSERGQRYSVKVSLGENFLFLDYSKSHINDEIKCALLRLAEERGIRQFVQSVFRGERVNTTENRPYENFVELLTGAHVIDEHFANAPPEQNVPLLLALVGVWYINFFGAVTHAILPYDQYLWRLPAYLQQLDMESNGKYVTRSGKTVSTLTGPIIFGEAGTNGQHAFYQLIHQGTNLIPCDFIGAIQSQNKI--GDHHKIFMSNFFAQTEALMIGKSPSEVRRELEAAGESAEKINALLPHKTFIGGRPSNTLLIKSLTPRALGAIIAMYEHKVLVQGAIWGIDSYDQWGVELGKVLAKSILPQLRPGMRVNNHDSSTNGLINMFNELSH----

3hjbA3

0.57

0.49

13.99

2.35

MUSTER

NINPTQTQAWKALTAHFESAQD-MDLKALFAQDSERFAKYSARF---GQDILVDYSKNLVNAETMQHLFALAKETDLQSAITAMFKGEAINQTEDRAYDNFVELLAGAHEMDQHFVNTPFESNIPVILALIGIWYNNFHGAESEAILPYDQYLHRFAAYFQQGNMESNGKYVDRNGNPVTYQTGPIIWGEPGTNGQHAFYQLIHQGTKLIPCDFIAPAVSHNLVG--DHHQKLMSNFFAQTEALAFGKSAQAVQAELEKAGKSAAEIAALVPFKVFEGNRPTNSILVKQITPRTLGNLIAMYEHKIFVQGVIWNIFSFD-----------------------------------------------

4em6D2

0.47

0.46

13.29

3.05

HHsearch

RDATKLEATVAKLKKHWAESA-PRDMRAAFSADPGRFGRYSLCLD----DLLFDWSKCRVNDETMALLKELAVAADVEGRRAAMFAGEHINNTEDRAWDDFRKFLAGAHAMDVHFRDAPLEKNLPVMLGLIGYWHRAICGYGSRAIIPYDQRLSRLPAYLQQLDMESNGKSVTLDGKPVSGPTGPVVWGEPGTNGQHAFFQLLHQGTDTIPLEFIVAAKGHEPTLD-HQHEMLMANCLAQSEALMKGRTLDEARAQLQAKNLPASQVERIAPHRVFSGNRPSLTLIHDMLDPYTLGRLIALYEHRVFVEAQIFGINAFDQWGVELGKELATELLPVVSGKEGASGRDASTQGLVAHLHARRK----

4em6D2

0.45

0.43

12.63

4.00

FFAS-3D

-RDATKLATVAKLKKHWAE-SAPRDMRAAFSADPGRFGRYSLCL----DDLLFDWSKCRVNDETMALLKELAVAADVEGGRYSVWSAIGLPVMIAVGPDNFRKFLAGAHAMDVHFRDAPLEKNLPVMLGLIGYWHRAICGYGSRAIIPYDQRLSRLPAYLQQLDMESNGKSVTLDGKPVSGPTGPVVWGEPGTNGQHAFFQLLHQGTDTIPLEFIVAAKGHEPTLDH-QHEMLMANCLAQSEALMKGRTLDEARAQLQAKNLPASQVERIAPHRVFSGNRPSLTLIHDMLDPYTLGRLIALYEHRVFVEAQIFGINAFDQWGVELGKELATELLPVVSGKEGASGRDASTQGLVAHLHARRK----

3hjbA3

0.57

0.49

13.99

1.83

EigenThreader

NINPTQTQAWKALTAHFESAQ-DMDLKALFAQDSERFAKYSARFGQ---DILVDYSKNLVNAETMQHLFALAKETDLQSAITAMFKGEAINQTEDRAVDNFVELLAGAHEMDQHFVNTPFESNIPVILALIGIWYNNFHGAESEAILPYDQYLHRFAAYFQQGNMESNGKYVDRNGNPVTYQTGPIIWGEPGTNGQHAFYQLIHQGTKLIPCDFIAPAVSHNLVGD--HHQKLMSNFFAQTEALAFGKSAQAVQAELEKAGKSAAEIAALVPFKVFEGNRPTNSILVKQITPRTLGNLIAMYEHKIFVQGVIWNIFSFD-----------------------------------------------

2cvpA

0.71

0.68

19.41

2.33

CNFpred

--------GPLMVTEALKPYSPRVWFVSN--IDGTHIAKTLASLS-PETSLFIIASKTFTTQETITNAETAKEWFLEAAKDPSAVAKHFVALSTN-GFDHFEQLLSGAHWMDQHFLKTPLEKNAPVLLALLGIWYINCYGCETHALLPYDQYMHRFAAYFQQGDMESNGKYITKSGARVDHQTGPIVWGEPGTNGQHAFYQLIHQGTKMIPCDFLIPVQTQHPIRKGLHHKILLANFLAQTEALMKGKLPEEARKELQAAGKSPEDLEKLLPHKVFEGNRPTNSIVFTKLTPFILGALIAMYEHKIFVQGIMWDINSFDQWGVELGKQLAKKIEPELEGSSAVTSHDSSTNGLISFIKQQRDTKL-

1gzdA

0.87

0.74

20.85

1.17

DEthreader

-AALTQNPQFKKLQTWYHEHRSDLNLRRLFEGDKDRFNHFSLNLNTNHGRILLDYSKNLVTEAVMQMLVDLAKSRGVEAARERMFNGAVLVGGSLIGIANFEQLLSGAHWMDQHFRTTPLEKNAPVLLALLGIWYINFFGCETHAMLPYDQYLHRFAAYFQQGDMESNGKYITKSGTRVDHQTGPIVWGEPGTNGQHAFYQLIHQGTKMIPCDFLIPVQTQHPIRKGLHHKILLANFLAQTEALMKGKSTEEARKELQAAKDFEKLLP-HK--VF-EGNRPTNSIVFTKLTPFILGALIAMYEHKIFVQGVIWDINSF------------------------------------------------

(a)	ID1 is the number of template residues identical to query divided by number of aligned residues.
(b)	ID2 is the number of template residues identical to query divided by query sequence length.
(c)	Cov is equal the number of aligned template residues divided by query sequence length.
(d)	Norm. Zscore is the normalized Z-score of the threading alignments. A Normalized Z-score >1 means a good alignment and is highlighted in bold.
(e)	Download alignment lists the threading program used to identify the template, and provide the 3D structure of aligned regions of threading templates (threading[1-10].pdb.gz).
(f)	Template residues identical to query sequence are highlighted in color.

Top 1 final models from D-I-TASSER

Click to view	Rank^a	Download	Estimated TM-score^b
	1	model1.pdb.gz	0.979

(a)

D-I-TASSER simulations generate a large ensemble of structural conformations, i.e. decoys. These decoys are clustered by SPICKER based on pairwise structure similarity to report up to five final models from the five largest clusters. Models are ranked in descending order of cluster size. If the simulations converge well, it is possible to have less than 5 models generated, which is usually an indication of good model quality.

(b)

The model confidence is quantitatified by estimated TM-score (eTM-score), calculated based on significance of threading template alignments, contact map satisfaction rate, mean absolute error between distance of model and distance of DeepPotential, and convergence of D-I-TASSER simulations. eTM-score is typically in the range of [0, 1], with higher eTM-score signifies higher model confidence.

Proteins with similar structure

Top 10 structural analogs in PDB (as identified by TM-align)

Rank	PDB Hit	TM-score	RMSD^a	IDEN^a	Cov.	Download Alignment
1	1gzdA	0.98	0.46	0.925	0.989	model1_1gzdA.pdb.gz
2	2o2dB	0.96	0.93	0.515	0.981	model1_2o2dB.pdb.gz
3	3hjbA	0.96	0.80	0.587	0.970	model1_3hjbA.pdb.gz
4	6bzbA	0.95	0.99	0.535	0.965	model1_6bzbA.pdb.gz
5	7oylA2	0.95	1.21	0.508	0.970	model1_7oylA2.pdb.gz
6	4em6D	0.94	1.50	0.472	0.970	model1_4em6D.pdb.gz
7	2wu8A	0.93	1.38	0.435	0.956	model1_2wu8A.pdb.gz
8	3ujhA2	0.92	1.42	0.434	0.951	model1_3ujhA2.pdb.gz
9	3pr3A	0.92	1.52	0.361	0.954	model1_3pr3A.pdb.gz
10	7e77A2	0.92	1.56	0.403	0.951	model1_7e77A2.pdb.gz

(a)	Query structure is shown in cartoon, while the structural analog is displayed using backbone trace.
(b)	Ranking of proteins is based on TM-score of the structural alignment between the query structure and known structures in the PDB library.
(c)	RMSD^a is the RMSD between residues that are structurally aligned by TM-align.
(d)	IDEN^a is the percentage sequence identity in the structurally aligned region.
(e)	Cov. represents the coverage of the alignment by TM-align and is equal to the number of structurally aligned residues divided by length of the query protein.

Predicted Gene Ontology (GO) Terms

Molecular Function (MF)

GO term	Cscore^GO	Name
GO:0004347	1.00	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase activity

Download full result of the above consensus prediction.

Click the graph to show a high resolution version.

(a)

Cscore^GO is the confidence score of predicted GO terms. Cscore^GO values range in between [0-1]; where a higher value indicates a better confidence in predicting the function using the template.

(b)

The graph shows the predicted terms within the Gene Ontology hierachy for Molecular Function. Confidently predicted terms are color coded by Cscore^GO:

[0.4,0.5)

[0.5,0.6)

[0.6,0.7)

[0.7,0.8)

[0.8,0.9)

[0.9,1.0]

Biological Process (BP)

GO term	Cscore^GO	Name
GO:0005975	0.93	carbohydrate metabolic process
GO:0044281	0.91	small molecule metabolic process
GO:0044237	0.91	cellular metabolic process
GO:1901575	0.89	organic substance catabolic process
GO:1901135	0.89	carbohydrate derivative metabolic process
GO:0044763	0.89	single-organism cellular process
GO:0044712	0.89	single-organism catabolic process
GO:0019637	0.89	organophosphate metabolic process
GO:0006796	0.89	phosphate-containing compound metabolic process
GO:0044723	0.85	single-organism carbohydrate metabolic process
GO:0006096	0.80	glycolytic process
GO:1901576	0.74	organic substance biosynthetic process
GO:0044283	0.74	small molecule biosynthetic process
GO:0006094	0.68	gluconeogenesis

Download full result of the above consensus prediction.

Click the graph to show a high resolution version.

(a)

Cscore^GO is the confidence score of predicted GO terms. Cscore^GO values range in between [0-1]; where a higher value indicates a better confidence in predicting the function using the template.

(b)

The graph shows the predicted terms within the Gene Ontology hierachy for Biological Process. Confidently predicted terms are color coded by Cscore^GO:

[0.4,0.5)

[0.5,0.6)

[0.6,0.7)

[0.7,0.8)

[0.8,0.9)

[0.9,1.0]

Cellular Component (CC)

GO term	Cscore^GO	Name
GO:0044424	1.00	intracellular part
GO:0044444	0.72	cytoplasmic part
GO:0005737	0.66	cytoplasm
GO:0005829	0.62	cytosol

Download full result of the above consensus prediction.

Click the graph to show a high resolution version.

(a)

Cscore^GO is the confidence score of predicted GO terms. Cscore^GO values range in between [0-1]; where a higher value indicates a better confidence in predicting the function using the template.

(b)

The graph shows the predicted terms within the Gene Ontology hierachy for Cellular Component. Confidently predicted terms are color coded by Cscore^GO:

[0.4,0.5)

[0.5,0.6)

[0.6,0.7)

[0.7,0.8)

[0.8,0.9)

[0.9,1.0]

Predicted Enzyme Commission (EC) Numbers

Top 5 enzyme homologs in PDB

Rank	Cscore^EC	PDB Hit	TM-score	RMSD^a	IDEN^a	Cov.	EC Number	Predicted Active Site Residues
1	0.692	2cvpA	0.993	0.46	0.863	0.997	5.3.1.9	197
2	0.660	3hjbA	0.960	0.80	0.587	0.970	5.3.1.9	197
3	0.636	2wu8A	0.931	1.38	0.435	0.956	5.3.1.9	197
4	0.634	2o2dB	0.965	0.93	0.515	0.981	5.3.1.9	197
5	0.304	1iriA	0.993	0.46	1.000	0.997	5.3.1.9	197

	Click on the radio buttons to visualize predicted active site residues.
(a)	Cscore^EC is the confidence score for the Enzyme Commission (EC) number prediction. Cscore^EC values range in between [0-1]; where a higher score indicates a more reliable EC number prediction.
(b)	TM-score is a measure of global structural similarity between query and template protein.
(c)	RMSD^a is the RMSD between residues that are structurally aligned by TM-align.
(d)	IDEN^a is the percentage sequence identity in the structurally aligned region.
(e)	Cov. represents the coverage of global structural alignment and is equal to the number of structurally aligned residues divided by length of the query protein.

Predicted Ligand Binding Sites

Template proteins with similar binding site:

Rank	Cscore^LB	PDB Hit	TM-score	RMSD^a	IDEN^a	Cov.	BS-score	Lig. Name	Download Complex	Predicted binding site residues
1	0.13	2cxqA	0.991	0.59	0.863	0.997	0.16	S6P	complex1.pdb.gz	40,41,127,128
2	0.07	3q7iA	0.917	1.52	0.447	0.948	0.15	6PG	complex2.pdb.gz	55,128,129
3	0.06	3pr3A	0.922	1.52	0.361	0.954	0.11	F6P	complex3.pdb.gz	28,29,246
4	0.01	1n1hA	0.368	6.73	0.054	0.609	0.11	QNA	complex4.pdb.gz	33,38,244

	Click on the radio buttons to visualize predicted binding site and residues.
(a)	Cscore^LB is the confidence score of predicted binding site. Cscore^LB values range in between [0-1]; where a higher score indicates a more reliable ligand-binding site prediction.
(b)	BS-score is a measure of local similarity (sequence & structure) between template binding site and predicted binding site in the query structure. Based on large scale benchmarking analysis, we have observed that a BS-score >1 reflects a significant local match between the predicted and template binding site.
(c)	TM-score is a measure of global structural similarity between query and template protein.
(d)	RMSD^a the RMSD between residues that are structurally aligned by TM-align.
(e)	IDEN^a is the percentage sequence identity in the structurally aligned region.
(f)	Cov. represents the coverage of global structural alignment and is equal to the number of structurally aligned residues divided by length of the query protein.

[Click result.zip to download all results on this page]

References:
1.	Wei Zheng, Qiqige Wuyun, Yang Li, Quancheng Liu, Xiaogen Zhou, Yiheng Zhu, P. Lydia Freddolino, Yang Zhang. Integrating deep learning potentials with I-TASSER for single- and multi-domain protein structure prediction. Submitted. 2023.